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Google正测试乒乓球机器人i-Sim2Real 已能连续对打340次_我的网站

A |     “Sim2Real”是描述人工智能创造过程的一种方式，其中机器学习模型被教导在虚拟环境或模拟中做什么，然后在现实世界中应用这些知识。    

    The USS Gerald R. Ford departs from Souda Naval Base near Chania on the island of Crete, Greece, on February 26, 2026. Photo: VCGUS President Donald Trump's reported push to reshape the US Navy's next-generation aircraft carriers - from moving the island to abandoning electromagnetic catapults in favor of steam-powered systems - could impose heavy engineering, financial and schedule costs, Chinese military affairs experts said, warning of a widening gap between political preferences and the realities of building some of the world's most complex warships.
The Washington Post reported on Saturday that the US Navy is considering a major redesign of its new Ford-class aircraft carriers to better match Trump's preferred aesthetic, with the president favoring ships that more closely resemble US carriers from the World War II era. One option under study would move the carrier's island farther forward, toward the middle of the ship.
US officials cited by the report warned that such a change could require billions of dollars in redesign costs and cause substantial delays. 
The potential island redesign comes only days after Trump ordered another far-reaching change to the Ford-class program. On Thursday, he signed a national security memorandum directing the Pentagon and Navy to develop a plan within 60 days to replace the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) with steam catapults and the Ford-class carriers' Advanced Weapons Elevators with hydraulic systems, beginning with the future USS Doris Miller, or CVN-81, USNI News reported. 
Trump has repeatedly criticized EMALS as "too complex" and "not as effective as steam catapults," according to Reuters. 
But the order would reverse a technology path the US Navy has pursued for more than a decade. When the Navy selected EMALS in 2009, it said the system would lower overall lifecycle costs, require less maintenance than steam catapults and place less physical stress on carrier-based aircraft, per Reuters.
As of March 2026, the USS Gerald R. Ford had conducted 36,863 EMALS launches, according to Pentagon documents cited by Reuters. 
General Atomics, the manufacturer of EMALS, has warned against changing course on the Doris Miller, saying nearly 50 percent of production related to the system has already been completed and that a switch now would create significant cost, schedule and integration risks, according to Reuters. 
Zhang Junshe, a Chinese military affairs expert, told the Global Times on Sunday that the Ford-class carrier's aft-positioned island is not merely an aesthetic choice, but is closely tied to flight-deck efficiency and landing safety. "Moving the island farther aft creates more space around the catapults for aircraft parking and handling, helping shorten launch preparation time, while also reducing airflow disturbance during aircraft recovery," he said. 
Relocating the island forward would not be a simple cosmetic adjustment, but a major redesign affecting weight distribution, buoyancy, flight-deck layout and aerodynamics, with significant implications for both cost and schedule, Zhang noted.
Song Zhongping, another Chinese military affairs expert, told the Global Times that Trump's demand is one thing, but turning it into an actual warship design is another.
"The first four Ford-class carriers have either entered service or are already in different stages of construction, leaving very little room for fundamental changes to their overall designs," Song said. Even the fifth and sixth ships - the future USS William J. Clinton, CVN-82, and USS George W. Bush, CVN-83 - would face considerable cost and engineering consequences if the Navy attempts to overturn their established technological architecture, he said.
The US Navy officially announced the names of CVN-82 and CVN-83 in January 2025, per the US Navy official website. 
"There is an obvious gap between US President's political will and the engineering realities of aircraft-carrier construction," Song said.
Such proposed changes come as Ford-class construction timelines have already grown considerably compared with those of the preceding Nimitz class. The US Congressional Budget Office (CBO) said in April that Nimitz-class carriers typically took seven to eight years to build, while Ford-class ships are currently taking roughly 10 to 11 years. In a separate assessment released this month, the CBO estimated that future Ford-class carriers under the Navy's 2027 shipbuilding plan could cost about $22 billion apiece. 
"Electromagnetic launch represents an advanced direction in aircraft-carrier catapult technology and has far greater development potential than traditional steam catapults," Song said. "If the US gives up electromagnetic catapults and returns to steam catapults, that would be a technological regression and a step backward."
Echoing Song, Zhang said electromagnetic catapults offer more precise control of launch energy and broader compatibility with different types of carrier-based aircraft, while requiring less shipboard space than steam systems with their extensive high-pressure piping.
"Replacing EMALS with steam catapults on a Ford-class carrier already designed around electromagnetic launch would not only represent a technological step backward, but could also turn an attempt to reduce risk into a new source of engineering and system-integration risk," Zhang said.
。当需要多年的试验和错误才能得出一个有效的模型时，这是很有必要的--在模拟中进行，可以在几分钟或几小时内完成多年的实时训练。但是，在模拟中做一些事情并不总是可能的；例如，如果一个机器人需要与人互动呢？这不是那么容易模拟的，所以你需要真实世界的数据来开始。你最终会遇到一个鸡和蛋的问题：你没有人类的数据，因为你需要它来制造人类将与之互动的机器人，并首先产生这些数据。Google的研究人员通过简单的开始和制造一个反馈回路来解决这个难题。[i-Sim2Real]使用一个简单的人类行为模型作为近似的起点，在模拟训练和在现实世界中部署之间交替进行。在每次迭代中，人类行为模型和政策都会得到完善。从人类行为的近似值开始是可以的，因为机器人也只是刚刚开始学习。每场比赛都会收集到更多真实的人类数据，从而提高准确性，让人工智能学习更多。这种方法足够成功，该团队的乒乓球机器人已能够连续对打340次。它还能够将球送回不同的区域，当然不是准确的数学精度，但是好到可以开始执行策略。该团队还尝试了一种不同的方法，以实现更多的目标行为，比如从不同的位置将球返回到一个非常具体的地方。同样，这并不是要创造终极乒乓球机（尽管这很可能是一个结果），而是要找到有效训练人类互动的方法，而不是让人们重复成千上万次的相同动作。

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